Description
Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU is the actual “brain” of the PLC, making it a
computer. Even small non-modular PLCS contain a CPU. The input signal comes from
the I/O card, and the logic program makes decisions based on the signal. If needed, the
CPU then commands the output to turn on and off as signals and conditions change. Programs
may include advanced functions such as mathematical operations, timing, counting, and sharing
information over modern network protocols. Many of these operations are extremely difficult, if not
impossible, for older relay systems.
Input/output card sensors, buttons, switches, relays, solenos, and even network devices share information
with the I/O signals connected to the screw terminals on the I/O card. These cards can be selected according to
the needs of each machine and device. In some small PLCS, the I/O terminals are not modular cards,
but are conveniently mounted on the side of the PLC. Due to the wide variety of I/O device structures
and the wide variety of discrete and analog modules, the terms of the simulation model are “source”
and “perfusion”, “voltage” and “current”. There are two very important components outside the PLC
itself: the programming device and the Human Machine interface (HMI). The programming device can
be a desktop computer, laptop, or handheld instrument from the same manufacturer. Some small PLCS
even have buttons on the front that allow very basic logic operations to be programmed without the need for a computer.
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