Mining Features
Compared with general solid mineral deposits, there are three salient features:
① The object of exploitation is constantly flowing during the whole exploitation process, and the reservoir conditions are constantly changing. All measures must be carried out according to this situation. Therefore, the whole process of oil and gas field exploitation is a process of continuous understanding and continuous improvement;
② Under normal circumstances, miners do not have direct contact with the ore body. The extraction of oil and gas, the understanding of the situation in the oil and gas reservoir and various measures to exert influence on the oil and gas reservoir must be carried out through special logging;
③ Certain characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs must be realized during the production process, even after a large number of wells. Therefore, the exploration and production stages are often intertwined within a period of time.
To develop a good oil and gas reservoir, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of it. A certain number of edge wells must be drilled to determine various boundaries of the oil and gas reservoir (oil-water boundary, oil-gas boundary, dividing fault, pinch-out line, etc.) ; It is necessary to drill a certain number of evaluation wells to understand the properties of oil and gas layers (generally, cores are taken), including changes in the thickness of oil and gas layers, physical properties of reservoirs, reservoir fluids and their properties, temperature and pressure distribution of reservoirs, etc. , to carry out comprehensive research to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of oil and gas reservoirs. In the study of oil and gas reservoirs, we should not only study the oil and gas reservoirs themselves, but also study the adjacent aquifers and their connectivity (see Reservoir Physics).
During the production process, oil and gas reservoirs need to be exploited, observed and controlled through production wells, injection wells and observation wells. The flow of oil and gas has three interconnected processes: ① oil and gas flow into the bottom of the well from the oil layer; Transfer to the output mining area (see Reservoir Engineering).

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