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Description
The complexity of an integrated circuit is limited by the number of transistors that can be placed on
one chip, the number of packaged terminals that can connect the processor to other parts of the system,
the number of five lines of instruction that can be performed on the chip, and the amount of data that the chip
can distribute. Advanced technology makes it possible to make more complex and powerful chips. A minimal
hypothetical microprocessor might consist of only an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a control logic part.
ALU performs operations such as addition, subtraction, AND and OR. Each operation of the ALU sets one or
more flags in the status register indicating that the result of the last operation was zero, negative, overflow, or otherwise).
The control logic retrieves the current generation from memory and starts the ALV to execute the command. A single
operating code can affect many individual data paths, registers, and other elements of the processor, and DSS150 With
advances in integrated circuit technology, it is possible to manufacture increasingly complex processors on a single chip.
3HAC029818-00110-DSQC663
The size of data objects increased: allowing more crystals on the chip allowed word sizes to increase from 4 and 8 bit to
today’s 64 bit words. Additional features were added to the processor architecture; More on-chip registers speed up programs,
and complex ones can now be used to make more sophisticated programs. For example, floating-point operations are generally
not available on bit microprocessors and must be performed in software. The integration of floating-point units, first as separate
integrated circuits and then as part of the same microprocessor chip, accelerates floating-point calculations. DSCS150 Sometimes,
the physics of integrated circuits makes practices like the bitslice approach necessary, where multiple circuits process a subset of
each word in parallel, rather than all long words on a single integrated circuit. Although this requires additional logic to handle, for example,
carry and overflow within each slice, the result is that individual lines can be handled, for example, using 32-bit words of an IC with a
capacity of only four bits per chip, the DSCS150’s ability to place a large number of packets on a single chip makes it possible to
put memory and processor on the same chip. This CP storage has the advantage of being faster than off-chip memory access and
can improve the system processing speed of many applications. Processor clock rates increase faster than external memory speeds,
so caching is necessary if the processor is not delayed by slower external memory.
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